Sustainable Energy and Artificial Intelligence

Hybrid DC Micro-grid Modeling and Dynamic Stability Analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Seyed Mohammad Azimi 1
Maede Karimi 2
Alireza Khorsandi 3

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran

2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 65155, Iran

3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65167-38695, Iran

https://doi.org/10.61882/seai.2511-1037
Abstract
DC micro-grids (DC-MGs) have attracted significant attention as a promising solution for integrating distributed renewable sources to main utility. Compared to AC systems, DC-MGs offer higher efficiency; however, their varied structures and control strategies introduce considerable dynamic complexity. This paper investigates the dynamic stability of an islanded DC-MG comprising a photovoltaic (PV) unit, battery unit, and the supercapacitor (SC) unit connected to the main bus through DC-DC power converters. The system is modeled using state-space averaging method, and the linearized equations are analyzed using system eigenvalue analysis method to examine the system stability. The impact of various parameters including capacitor size, inductor values, line resistances, and constant power loads (CPLs) on the system's dynamic behavior is verified systematically. Results indicate that larger capacitors and inductors shift eigenvalues further into the left half-plane, improving damping and stability, whereas resistances and CPLs have a destabilizing effect. All simulations and verifications are conducted in MATLAB/Simulink to ensure analytical accuracy. The presented framework offers valuable insights for designing reliable DC-MGs with hybrid energy storage systems for future modern power grids.

Keywords

DC microgrid
dynamic stability
eigenvalue analysis
MATLAB simulation
constant power load
battery
supercapacitor

Subjects

Sustainable Energy and Artificial Intelligence
Volume 2, Issue 1
Winter 2026
Pages 47-54

  • Receive Date 20 November 2025
  • Revise Date 27 November 2025
  • Accept Date 29 November 2025
  • First Publish Date 29 November 2025

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