Sustainable Energy and Artificial Intelligence

Improving Frequency Stability of Islanded Microgrid Using Virtual Inertia Control on Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Farhad Amiri 1
Mohammad Hassan Moradi 2

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, 39518-79611, Iran

2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65167-38695, Iran

https://doi.org/10.61186/seai.2408-1001
Abstract
The frequency stability is a crucial aspect of an islanded microgrid, especially considering the presence of RES with low inertia. These RES, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, pose a potential threat to the frequency stability of the microgrid. To address this challenge, the concept of VIC has been introduced in islanded microgrids. This paper investigates the application of VIC not only to the ESS but also to the WT and PVS. The proposed method aims to enhance the frequency stability of the microgrid. The results of this study compare the performance of the proposed method, which includes VIC for PVS, WT, and ESS, with other scenarios. These scenarios include The VIC for PVS and ESS, VIC for ESS only, and a method without VIC. The simulation results, obtained using MATLAB software, demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the frequency stability of the microgrid under load disturbances and disturbances originating from RES. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits robustness in the face of uncertainties associated with microgrid parameters.

Highlights

  • Presenting a method to improve the frequency stability of microgrids.
  • Implementation of synchronous generator behavior on photovoltaic and wind turbine.
  • The robustness of the proposed method against disturbances on the microgrid.
  • The robustness of the proposed method against the uncertainty related to microgrid parameters.

Keywords

Energy Storage System
Low Inertia
Wind Turbine
Virtual Inertia Control, Islanded Microgrid
Subjects
  1. Zidane, T. E. K., Ab Muis, Z., Ho, W. S., Zahraoui, Y., Aziz, A. S., Su, C. L., ... & Campana, P. E. (2025). Power systems and microgrids resilience enhancement strategies: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 207, 114953.‏
  2. Peter, N., Gupta, P., & Goel, N. (2025). Intelligent strategies for microgrid protection: A comprehensive review. Applied Energy, 379, 124901.‏
  3. Mbungu, N. T., Siti, M. M., Bansal, R. C., Naidoo, R. M., Elnady, A., Ismail, A. A. A., ... & Hamid, A. K. (2025). A dynamic coordination of microgrids. Applied Energy, 377, 124486.‏
  4. Moazzen, F., & Hossain, M. J. (2025). A two-layer strategy for sustainable energy management of microgrid clusters with embedded energy storage system and demand-side flexibility provision. Applied Energy, 377, 124659.‏
  5. ‏satya nagasri Dangeti, L., & Marimuthu, R. (2025). Distributed model predictive control strategy for microgrid frequency regulation. Energy Reports, 13, 1158-1170.‏
  6. Amiri, F., & Moradi, M. H. (2023). Design of a new control method for dynamic control of the two-area microgrid. Soft Computing, 27(10), 6727-6747.
  7. Varnoosfaderani, N. H., & Khorsandi, A. (2025). Unscented Kalman Filter-based State Estimation Applied on an Islanded Hybrid solar-wind DC Microgrid. Heliyon.‏
  8. Osama, A., Allam, D., & Eteiba, M. B. (2025). A Novel Real-Time Fuzzy-Based Optimal Control of the Charging Cycle of a Renewable Energy Microgrid Storage System. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 1-15.‏
  9. Shahbazi, M., & Amiri, F. (2019, December). Designing a Neuro-Fuzzy controller with CRPSO and RLSE algorithms to control voltage and frequency in an isolated microgrid. In 2019 international power system conference (PSC)(pp. 588-594). IEEE.
  10. Jiang, B., Guo, C., & Chen, Z. (2025). Frequency Constrained Dispatch With Energy Reserve and Virtual Inertia From Wind Turbines. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.‏
  11. Wang, Y., Chen, S., Yang, M., Liao, P., Xiao, X., Xie, X., & Li, Y. (2025). Low-frequency oscillation in power grids with virtual synchronous generators: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 207, 114921.‏
  12. Sati, S. E., Al-Durra, A., Zeineldin, H. H., EL-Fouly, T. H., & El-Saadany, E. F. (2025). Decentralized frequency restoration and stability enhancement for virtual synchronous machines at economic dispatch in islanded microgrid. Applied Energy, 377, 124544.‏
  13. Chen, J., Wu, X., Huang, H., Zhang, H., Huang, H., Zhao, Z., ... & Lin, S. (2025). Power Control Strategy for an Electric Vehicle Charger Based on Virtual Synchronous Machine. In Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering (pp. 627-640). Springer, Singapore.‏
  14. Shi, T., Sun, J., Han, X., & Tang, C. (2024). Research on adaptive optimal control strategy of virtual synchronous generator inertia and damping parameters. IET Power Electronics, 17(1), 121-133.
  15. Tan, K. H., Lin, F. J., Shih, C. M., & Kuo, C. N. (2019). Intelligent control of microgrid with virtual inertia using recurrent probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(7), 7451-7464.
  16. Hamanah, W. M., Shafiullah, M., Alhems, L. M., Alam, M. S., & Abido, M. A. (2024). Realization of Robust Frequency Stability in Low-Inertia Islanded Microgrids with Optimized Virtual Inertia Control. IEEE Access.
  17. Sajadinia, M. (2024). An adaptive virtual inertia control design for energy storage devices using interval type-2 fuzzy logic and fractional order PI controller. Journal of Energy Storage, 84, 110791.
  18. ALHEMS, L. M., & ALAM, M. S. (2024). Realization of Robust Frequency Stability in Low-Inertia Islanded Microgrids With Optimized Virtual Inertia Control.
  19. Kerdphol, T., Rahman, F. S., Mitani, Y., Hongesombut, K., & Küfeoğlu, S. (2017). Virtual inertia control-based model predictive control for microgrid frequency stabilization considering high renewable energy integration. Sustainability, 9(5), 773.
  20. Wamukoya, B. K., Kaberere, K. K., & Muriithi, C. M. (2025). Optimal deployment of solar PV power plants as fast frequency response source for a frequency secure low inertia power grid. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 14(1), 83-95.‏
  21. Chen, X., Ma, M., & Yan, Z. (2025). An improved parameter boundary calculation method for virtual synchronous generator with capacity constraints of energy storage system. Electric Power Systems Research, 241, 111391.‏
  22. Sati, S. E., Al-Durra, A., Zeineldin, H., EL-Fouly, T. H., & El-Saadany, E. F. (2024). A novel virtual inertia-based damping stabilizer for frequency control enhancement for islanded microgrid. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 155, 109580.
Sustainable Energy and Artificial Intelligence
Volume 1, Issue 1
Winter 2025
Pages 37-44

  • Receive Date 18 August 2024
  • Revise Date 31 August 2024
  • Accept Date 17 September 2024
  • First Publish Date 24 September 2024

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us